Haplogroup J1 in Europe.

[Blossom]

I'm such an ignorant...I know nothing about Haplogroups...is J from Jewish?


Ok fixed. Just read above, sorry!

[Foxy]

History of Lucera - The Islamic period

Islamic periodFurther information: Muslim settlement of Lucera
In 1224 AD, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, responding to religious uprisings in Sicily, expelled all Muslims from the island, transferring many to Lucera - "Lugêrah", as she was known in Arabic - over the next two decades. In this controlled environment, they could not challenge royal authority and they benefited the crown in taxes and military service. Their numbers eventually reached between 15,000 and 20,000, leading Lucera to be called Lucaera Saracenorum because it represented the last stronghold of Islamic presence in Italy. During peacetime, Muslims in Lucera were predominately farmers. They grew durum wheat, barley, legumes, grapes and other fruits. Muslims also kept bees for honey.[2]

The colony thrived for 75 years until it was sacked in 1300 by Christian forces under the command of Charles II of Naples. The city's Muslim inhabitants were exiled or sold into slavery,[3] with many finding asylum in Albania across the Adriatic Sea.[4] Their abandoned mosques were demolished, and churches were usually built in their place, including the cathedral S. Maria della Vittoria.[5]

After the Muslims were removed from Lucera, Charles tried to settle Christians in the city. Those Muslims that converted to Christianity got part of their property back, but none was restored his former position of political or economic influence. As time progressed, grain production fell in the city, and in 1339 the city was hit by a famine. Christians were allowed to farm as the Muslims.[6]

A low genetic Northwest African contribution among today's inhabitants near the region of Lucera was revealed by a very recent genetic study in 2009.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucera#Islamic_period

This is how we Italians love Muzzies and treat them.
Modern Lucerins are a mix of Italians and converted Arabs, but it is an isolated case. Italy, as a whole, has been never conquered by Muslims. Only Sicily.

[Transhumanist]

Just a note to add that many varieties of J1 in Europe may have absolutely nothing to do with either Arab conquests or Jewish migrations. The highest haplotype diversity for both J1c3 and J1* are found among Caucasians (eg peoples of Dagestan), Anatolians (eg Armenians) and northern Mesopotamians (eg Assyrians). This area may also be the home to the R-M269 mutation. Not to mention, other types of Y-DNA now found with some degree of frequency in European men.

The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations (Chiaroni et al.)

Parallel Evolution of Genes and Languages in the Caucasus Region (Balanovsky et al.)

[Fiore di Loto]

ahah now in Adriatic Italy we are muslim??? When????????? It's false.

[Grumpy Cat]

My grandfather was J1e. That side comes from Southern France. Possible Sephardi ancestry, I'm not sure.

[Fiore di Loto]

now I have read better, only in the area of Gargano and Pescara the J1 is more 15%,
http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/italy.pdf, probably Veleda is right about Lucera, but also in Pescara is very high, Is it possible that muslim from Lucera have moved to Pescara? For me it's possible also that are from Albania, in Pescara there is a big community of Albanians.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogr...(Y-DNA)#Europe

[Transhumanist]

A member on DNA-Forums, victar, created this J1 map a few months ago. I do not agree with it completely, but it gets most of it right, based on the most current data. As one can see, most J1 is believed to have an origin in extreme eastern Anatolia, a bit north of northern Mesopotamia, and a bit west of the Caucasus. The Armenians are the autotochnous people of this immediate area, as the circle is practically covering Lake Van. This is also the general area with the highest concentrations of the "West Asian" ADMIXTURE component.

[Transhumanist]

My grandfather was J1e. That side comes from Southern France. Possible Sephardi ancestry, I'm not sure.

Is he tested with 23andMe only? How about FTDNA?

[StonyArabia]

J1 originated in Arabia and it was spread by Semitic conquests. This why Yemenites, Bedouins, Iraqis have large J1 lineage. Since they are all of the same genetic stock. J1 lineages drop in Northern Iraq and in the non-Semitic world in general. J2 seems to be associated with Persians and it's not Semitic probably it originated in the Mesopotamia and spread into Iran especially Western Iran where it is the dominant lineage. Neolithic, Arab conquest, and Jewish migration might have played a role in bringing this lineage to Europe. Most likely it's the Neolithic and possibly Jewish migration.

Here is an interesting article

The same authors dated Proto-Indo-European at 8.4ky, in agreement with the work of Gray and Atkinson. In the current paper they re-analyze the data of Kitchen et al. (2009) for Semitic languages, and their estimate is somewhat younger than 5,750 years of that paper. All in all, it's good to see different researchers using different techniques but coming up with similar solutions.

It is increasingly clear that while the Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in the Neolithic Near East, the Proto-Semites followed them by about three thousand years. In the latter case there is also a Y-chromosome marker (J-P58) with an apparent age in impeccable agreement with the linguistic evidence, now that the genealogical-"evolutionary" mutation wars seem to have been won.

This also brings into focus the weakness of the argument that Anthony (2007) (p. 76) brings to the table by hypothesizing that the first farmers of northern Syria were Afro-Asiatic speakers like the Semites of the Near Eastern lowlands. Semites come into the picture 5,000 years after the onset of the Neolithic, and 3,000 years after the Proto-Indo-Europeans. Their relationship with Afroasiatic speakers of Africa make it quite likely that they lived in the south, probably in Arabia, and certainly not in eastern Anatolia or northern Syria.

Indeed, the recent discovery that haplogroup J1*(xP58) is associated with Northeast Caucasian languages, together with the absence or paucity of J1 in most African Afroasiatic speakers suggests to me that the J-P58 Proto-Semites may be the result of the transfer of an African language on a basically West Asian population. Such a scenario might also explain some of the -incorrectly quantified, but nonetheless existent- African genetic components in both Jews and Arabs, as well as the pastoralist/dry-climate J1 associations.

Proceedings of the 26th International Workshop on Statistical Modelling.

Phylogenetic models for Semitic vocabulary.
Geoff K Nicholls and Robin J. Ryder

Abstract: Kitchen et al. (2009) analyze a data set of lexical trait data for twenty five Semitic languages, including ancient languages Hebrew, Aramaic and Akkadian, modern South Arabian and Arabic languages and fifteen ethiosemitic languages. They estimate a phylogenetic tree for the diversification of lexical traits using tree and trait models and methods set up for genetic sequence data. We reanalyze the data in a homplasy-free model for lexical trait data. We use a prior on phylogenies which is non-informative with respect to some of the key scientific hypotheses (concerning topology and root time). Our results are in broad agreement with those of Kitchen et al. (2009), though our 95% HPD for the root of the Semitic tree (the branching of Akkadian) is [4400, 5100]BP and we place Moroccan and Ogaden Arabic in the Modern South Arabian Group.

[Foxy]

now I have read better, only in the area of Gargano and Pescara the J1 is more 15%,
http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/italy.pdf, probably Veleda is right about Lucera, but also in Pescara is very high, Is it possible that muslim from Lucera have moved to Pescara? For me it's possible also that are from Albania, in Pescara there is a big community of Albanians.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogr...(Y-DNA)#Europe

Mmmm... I dunno. In Pescara there wasn't any Muslim domination, but in the last 30 years has gone there a large gyspie community. It is written that J1 is found a lot in Pakistan... Well, Roma gyspies are from that zone.

History of Pescara:

Pescara's origins precede the Roman conquest. The name of both the ancient city and the river was Aternum: it was connected to Rome through the Via Claudia Valeria and the Via Tiburtina. The main building was the temple of Jovis Aternium. The city was an important port for trade with the Eastern provinces of the Empire.

In the Middle Ages it was destroyed by the Lombards (597). Saint Cetteus, the city's patron saint, was a bishop of the 6th century, elected to the see of Amiternum in Sabina (today the city of San Vittorino) in 590, during the pontificate of Gregory the Great.[2] His legend goes that he was executed by the Lombards at Amiternum by being thrown off a bridge with a stone tied around his neck; his body floated to Pescara.[2]

In 1095 Pescara was a rich city with an important series of monuments and churches. In 1140 Roger of Sicily conquered the city, giving rise to a period in which it was destroyed by armies ravaging the Kingdom of Sicily. The name of Piscaria ("abounding with fish") is mentioned for the first time in this period. Several seignors ruled over Pescara afterwards, including Rainaldo Orsini, Louis of Savoy and Francesco del Borgo, the vicar of king Ladislas, who had the fortress and the tower built.

The subsequent rulers were the D'Avalos. In 1424 the famous condottiero Muzio Attendolo died here. Another adventurer, Jacopo Caldora, conquered the city in 1435 and 1439. In the following years Pescara was repeatedly attacked by the Venetians, and later, as part of the Spanish Kingdom of Naples, it was turned into a massive fortress.

In 1566 it was besieged by 105 Turk galleys. It resisted fiercely and the Ottomans only managed to ravage the surrounding territory.

At the beginning of the 18th century Pescara had some 3,000 inhabitants, half of them living in the Castellammare. In 1707 it was attacked by Austrian troops under the command of the duke of Wallis: the city, led by Giovanni Girolamo II Acquaviva, resisted for two months before capitulating.

Pescara was always part of the Kingdom of Naples, apart from the brief age of the Republic of Naples of 1798–1799. The city was therefore attacked by the pro-Bourbon Giuseppe Pronio. In 1800 Pescara fell to French troops, becoming an important military stronghold of Joseph Bonaparte's reign. Castellammare, which now had 3,000 inhabitants of its own, became a separate municipality.

In 1814, Pescara's Carboneria revolted against Joachim Murat. There, on May 15, 1815, the king undersigned one of the first constitutions of the Italian Risorgimento. In the following years Pescara became a symbol of the Bourbon's violent restoration as it housed one of the most notorious Bourbon jails. After a devastating flood in 1853, Pescara was liberated by Giuseppe Garibaldi's collaborator Clemente De Caesaris in 1860. Seven years later the fortress was dismantled.

In the following years, Pescara was merged with the adjacent town of Castellammare degli Abruzzi and eventually became the largest city of its region. The new city received a hard blow[3] during World War II and has since been massively rebuilt, becoming a very modern coastal city of Italy.

IT DOESN'T SPEAK OF ANY SEMITIC ORIGIN NOR MIGRATION.