Originally Posted by
Yaglakar
Wrong. Turkic kingdom of Qocho or Idiqut State (mid 9th to 13th centuries) was among the most developed Turkic states at the time. Buddhism was a state sponsored religion but Nestorian Christian and Manichean minorities were also present. Among Buddhist religous texts, thousands of administrative documents and orders have been unearthered. There is an entire academic niche (Turfan studies) dedicated to the study of these documents which include signatures, seals (Turkic tribe tamgas that subsequently turned into seals), names, witnesses, Turkic administrative terminologies. Every transaction including rent, will inheritance, purchase, military conscription, taxing was backed by a document. It was truly Turkic in character and essence unlike Karakhanid or Seljuk states. All this indicates a high degree of law and order, property rights and that a significant portion of the population was literate.
1. ar-a t(e)mür söz-üm turï b(a)xšï-qa
2. sening borluqung-nï él ///
3. küčägip ïnal [q]oč-qa sads(a)dï
4. m(e)n bodun birlä tapïšïp3 s(e)ni(n)g
5. sadmïšïng [čïn?] bolunup m(a)nga
6. ornïn-ta borluq bérm(ä)kči boldï
7. amdï s(a)nga söz-üm borluqung-
8. -nïng ornïn-ta borluq til(ä)z-ä-m(ä)n
9. borluq béräyin tep turur
10. til(ä)m(ä)z-ä-m(ä)n bidip q(a)lïp turur
11. töl(ä)č quruγ q(a)lmay(ï)n tésär-s(ä)n
12. s(e)ndäki ïdïš bidig-ni bérip
13. m(a)nga čïn baš bidig qïlïp
14. ïdγïl bidig kelmiš-tä ornïn-
15. -ta borluq tiläp alayïn sanga
16. borluqung-nï(n)g sadïγïn küz-käd(ä)ki
17. qïlïp qodayïn bolmasa s(e)n quruγ
18. qaldač(ï)ng
My, Ara Temur’s, word to Tura Bakhshi! Using it’s rights the community set out to sell Inal Kochu your grape orchard. I came with the sanction of the community and el, in view of the fact that the sale undertaken by you has been recognized as valid, the community has decided to provide me with another grape orchard instead of the one initially proposed. Now I appeal to you! If I demand another grape orchard instead of yours, the community is ready to give me one, if not the transaction will be dropped. If you do not want to to remain without payment for your orchard, provide the existing payment agreement by compiling a genuine primary document and forward to me. When the document arrives, I will appeal and get another orchard instead of yours. The fee for your grape orchard will be submitted before autumn. Otherwise, you will be left with nothing.
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