Southeast England was 80% replaced by Anglo-Saxons in the Early Middle Ages

[RyoHazuki]

Thanks to Matt who posted this on Eurogenes. It is simulated G25 but will do until the samples are available.

https://imgur.com/a/qirF9OP




If anyone wants to try this model.

WBI_High_Steppe,0.128730,0.128300,0.062617,0.061553,0.030410,0.022574,0.002050,0.005672,-0.000362,-0.006610,-0.005840,0.005823,-0.013402,-0.016292,0.025785,0.003740,-0.010485,0.000061,0.002267,0.004058,0.005806,0.000785,-0.001412,0.011609,-0.001410
WBI_Low_Steppe,0.129305,0.135141,0.060828,0.046345,0.039789,0.015908,0.002444,0.004403,0.007235,0.006982,-0.004418,0.006456,-0.015182,-0.015062,0.020936,0.006534,-0.005686,0.001864,0.001458,0.002626,0.005754,0.004075,-0.002542,0.005046,-0.000728
CNE_High_Steppe,0.127468,0.128362,0.069381,0.068759,0.037263,0.025570,0.003734,0.008458,-0.002031,-0.012373,-0.006355,0.004424,-0.009147,-0.010311,0.027611,0.006331,-0.010648,0.001552,0.005925,0.007078,0.008500,0.002255,0.000434,0.019884,-0.001466
CNE_Low_Steppe,0.128043,0.135203,0.067592,0.053551,0.046642,0.018904,0.004128,0.007190,0.005567,0.001218,-0.004933,0.005057,-0.010927,-0.009081,0.022762,0.009124,-0.005849,0.003355,0.005116,0.005645,0.008448,0.005546,-0.000695,0.013320,-0.000783
CWE_High_Steppe,0.112584,0.124165,0.051700,0.050046,0.027339,0.020163,-0.002210,0.005569,0.000012,-0.005106,-0.006901,0.005746,-0.012063,-0.012609,0.018550,-0.000029,-0.012763,-0.001909,0.001048,-0.000329,0.003785,-0.002257,-0.000959,0.015695,-0.003657
CWE_Low_Steppe,0.113159,0.131006,0.049911,0.034837,0.036718,0.013496,-0.001816,0.004301,0.007609,0.008485,-0.005479,0.006379,-0.013843,-0.011379,0.013701,0.002764,-0.007964,-0.000106,0.000240,-0.001762,0.003733,0.001033,-0.002089,0.009132,-0.002974

Use this below to get the combined result.

WBI,0.128730,0.128300,0.062617,0.061553,0.030410,0.022574,0.002050,0.005672,-0.000362,-0.006610,-0.005840,0.005823,-0.013402,-0.016292,0.025785,0.003740,-0.010485,0.000061,0.002267,0.004058,0.005806,0.000785,-0.001412,0.011609,-0.001410
WBI,0.129305,0.135141,0.060828,0.046345,0.039789,0.015908,0.002444,0.004403,0.007235,0.006982,-0.004418,0.006456,-0.015182,-0.015062,0.020936,0.006534,-0.005686,0.001864,0.001458,0.002626,0.005754,0.004075,-0.002542,0.005046,-0.000728
CNE,0.127468,0.128362,0.069381,0.068759,0.037263,0.025570,0.003734,0.008458,-0.002031,-0.012373,-0.006355,0.004424,-0.009147,-0.010311,0.027611,0.006331,-0.010648,0.001552,0.005925,0.007078,0.008500,0.002255,0.000434,0.019884,-0.001466
CNE,0.128043,0.135203,0.067592,0.053551,0.046642,0.018904,0.004128,0.007190,0.005567,0.001218,-0.004933,0.005057,-0.010927,-0.009081,0.022762,0.009124,-0.005849,0.003355,0.005116,0.005645,0.008448,0.005546,-0.000695,0.013320,-0.000783
CWE,0.112584,0.124165,0.051700,0.050046,0.027339,0.020163,-0.002210,0.005569,0.000012,-0.005106,-0.006901,0.005746,-0.012063,-0.012609,0.018550,-0.000029,-0.012763,-0.001909,0.001048,-0.000329,0.003785,-0.002257,-0.000959,0.015695,-0.003657
CWE,0.113159,0.131006,0.049911,0.034837,0.036718,0.013496,-0.001816,0.004301,0.007609,0.008485,-0.005479,0.006379,-0.013843,-0.011379,0.013701,0.002764,-0.007964,-0.000106,0.000240,-0.001762,0.003733,0.001033,-0.002089,0.009132,-0.002974

Target: Grace_scaled
Distance: 1.7804% / 0.01780439
65.0 WBI
35.0 CNE

Target: Ryo_scaled
Distance: 3.2395% / 0.03239512
65.4 CWE
34.6 CNE

[Flashball]

I added more French samples from the tene culture, to get something more accurate, keeping the other samples though

I added "german-like" to the CWE High steppe sample, because it is absolutely not French-like.

[J.S.]

supplementary information
supplemnetary figure 4.5 qpWave Analysis
page 77-78
https://static-content.springer.com/...OESM1_ESM.docx

[Africanwidow]

I added more French samples from the tene culture, to get something more accurate, keeping the other samples though

I added "german-like" to the CWE High steppe sample, because it is absolutely not French-like.

Would you mind posting the model?

[Davystayn]

I added more French samples from the tene culture, to get something more accurate, keeping the other samples though

I added "german-like" to the CWE High steppe sample, because it is absolutely not French-like.

Really interesting, thanks

[Septentrion]

Did they kill all the Celts?

Germanic people are not a people to mess with. Go ask Romans and ask Ancient Britons.

[Mingle]

Hence the dearth of Celtic culture in England from early on. A mass replacement event explains that.

Celtic culture was already replaced with Romance culture in Southeast England before the English first arrived.

[J. Ketch]

Celtic culture was already replaced with Romance culture in Southeast England before the English first arrived.

To some extent, but it's difficult to say how much of the population there adopted Roman culture and Latin language. Only about 6% of the population of Roman Britain at the end of the 4th century was urbanised, while Roman culture was restricted mainly to the towns and not deep rooted, as it practically disappears in the sub-Roman period amongst the Britons.

[Mingle]

To some extent, but it's difficult to say how much of the population there adopted Roman culture and Latin language. Only about 6% of the population of Roman Britain at the end of the 4th century was urbanised, while Roman culture was restricted mainly to the towns and not deep rooted, as it practically disappears in the sub-Roman period amongst the Britons.

There have been at most around 10 Brythonic loanwords in Old English, but over 600 Latin loanwords in Old English. Brythonic loanwords in Old English are almost exclusively toponyms (which seem to be mainly transmitted by the medium of Latin e.g. *Londonjon > Londinium > London, so even these don't really count). And Latin loanwords in Old English aren't all fancy religious or legal terms, but include simpler words like wall, cheap, kettle, camp, history (stær), etc. If Southeast England was predominantly Celtic before the English came, then there shouldn't be virtually 0 Brythonic loanwords in Old English.

[J. Ketch]

There have been at most around 10 Brythonic loanwords in Old English, but over 600 Latin loanwords in Old English. Brythonic loanwords in Old English are almost exclusively toponyms (which seem to be mainly transmitted by the medium of Latin e.g. *Londonjon > Londinium > London, so even these don't really count). And Latin loanwords in Old English aren't all fancy religious or legal terms, but include simpler words like wall, cheap, kettle, camp, history (stær), etc. If Southeast England was predominantly Celtic before the English came, then there shouldn't be virtually 0 Brythonic loanwords in Old English.

That's a fair point but those Latin loanwords could have been brought in by the incoming Gaulish/Frankish population in Anglo-Saxon England. Remember that the genetic contribution of France IA people is larger than the contribution of Iron Age Britons in Southeast and East England according to the paper, and it apparently came after the Roman period, possibly as part of the conquering force alongside the Saxons. And East England had even less 'WBI' ancestry in the Middle Ages than now, judging by a recent paper late medieval Cambridgeshire had practically none.