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In Poland surnames most often come from places or occupations that someone had or from animals - probably because of someone's physical characteristics making someone resemble one in some way.
An interesting thing is that many surnames are adjectives, which can be easily recognized by their ending: Kowalski, Wiśniewski, Kamiński etc. which change depending on a gender i.e. for women this would be Kowalska (instead of Kowalski), Wiśniewska, Kamińska etc.
Because many Americans are of Polish origin many of them have Polish surnames but it proved too hard for US officials to understand it and therefore women in the USA typically keeps their surnames in masculine form i.e. Susan Kowalski.
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I guess they will have changed it later because I know it from some decades ago where you could choose in Sweden between your regular surname and a traditional (real) patronym. The latter is extremely rarely chosen. But I know a case where the name ended up as (figuratively) Magnusdotter for a girl and a heritable surname is never a -dotter name.
Target: rothaer_scaled
Distance: 1.0091% / 0.01009085
39.8 (Balto-)Slavic
39.0 Germanic
19.2 Celtic-like
1.8 Graeco-Roman
0.2 Finnic-like
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Maternal surname and paternal surname, both portuguese.
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I heard that originally only Polish nobles had this ending -ski and it later became popular among Polish commoners. When I made ancestry research among Poles I found that a Wosiński (in Pabianice) was written Wozikow when I came back in the 18th century (1797).
In another case I had a Gostynski (in Jezów) but he kept this name as far as I could come back (1758). There comes up a woman called Marianna Cerusiowna. Do you have any clue what that could be in "modern" Polish? I add the pic of the record entry (a baptism from 1758) in case I misinterpreted the text.
Target: rothaer_scaled
Distance: 1.0091% / 0.01009085
39.8 (Balto-)Slavic
39.0 Germanic
19.2 Celtic-like
1.8 Graeco-Roman
0.2 Finnic-like
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Generally speaking this was the case. Typically in such cases someone's surname came from a place name i.e. an owner or a lord of a certain village/town written in adjective.
Notice that this is clearly not the case with, for example, the most popular one - Kowalski which comes from kowal (a smith) meaning in this case "syn kowalski" - a son of a smith, literally "Smithy son" of which Smithy (Kowalski) became a surname.
I read it the same way as you did, but I'm hardly an expert. When it comes to how surnames were changing in documents there was typically no exact rule (or rather it depended on many factors like the exact time and place, an offical in charge of making official documents, a person who was writting or rewritting it etc.) so it would be more of a guess work on my part in this case.When I made ancestry research among Poles I found that a Wosiński (in Pabianice) was written Wozikow when I came back in the 18th century (1797).
In another case I had a Gostynski (in Jezów) but he kept this name as far as I could come back (1758). There comes up a woman called Marianna Cerusiowna. Do you have any clue what that could be in "modern" Polish? I add the pic of the record entry (a baptism from 1758) in case I misinterpreted the text.
Edit: it could be Gostyrski not Gostynski if it matters at all.
Last edited by thatoneton; 10-02-2023 at 11:49 PM.
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My father named me when I was a baby. I was raised by my Mom with her surname. I went to school with my mother's surname. When I was about 12 years old I found out from a substitute teacher who wasn't returning my papers that my mother's surname was NOT my legal surname. Legally I had my father's surname and had to use that in school from then on. When I was 34 I legally changed my full name in court. I took my maternal grandmother's maiden name.
Doing genealogy I discovered that my father's surname was spelled different ways in previous generations, and there were two other surnames used instead.
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Last edited by Etelfrido; 10-02-2023 at 11:14 PM.
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There are less than 300 people with my surname.
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