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I briefly translate this
"THE FIVE TYPES OF TOTAL INSTITUTIONS
Goffman outlined five types of total institutions in his 1957 paper on the subject.
Those that care for those who are unable to care for themselves but who pose no threat to society: "the blind, the aged, the orphaned, and the indigent." This type of total institution is primarily concerned with protecting the welfare of those who are its members. These include nursing homes for the elderly, orphanages or juvenile facilities, and the poor houses of the past and today's shelters for the homeless and battered women.
Those provide care for individuals who pose a threat to society in some way. This type of total institution both safeguards the welfare of its members and protects the public from the harm they can potentially do. These include closed psychiatric facilities and facilities for those with communicable diseases. Goffman wrote at a time when institutions for lepers or those with TB were still in operation, but today a more likely version of this type would be a locked drug rehabilitation facility.
Those that protect society from people who are perceived to pose a threat to it and its members, however that may be defined. This type of total institution is primarily concerned with protecting the public and secondarily concerned with resocializing/rehabilitating its members (in some cases). Examples include prisons and jails, ICE detention centers, refugee camps, prisoner-of-war camps that exist during armed conflicts, the Nazi concentration camps of World War II, and the practice of Japanese internment in the U.S. during the same period.
Those that are focused on education, training, or work, like private boarding schools and some private colleges, military compounds or bases, factory complexes and long-term construction projects where workers live on-site, ships and oil platforms, and mining camps, among others. This type of total institution is established on what Goffman referred to as "instrumental grounds," and are in a sense concerned with the care or welfare of those who participate, in that they are designed, at least in theory, to improve the lives of participants through training or employment.
Goffman's fifth and final type of total institution identifies those that serve as retreats from wider society for spiritual or religious training or instruction. For Goffman, these included convents, abbeys, monasteries, and temples. In today's world, these forms still exist but one can also extend this type to include health and wellness centers that offer long-term retreats and voluntary, private drug or alcohol rehabilitation centers.
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