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Since the first five rulers – from Nerva to Marcus Aurelius – are seen as representing a line of virtuous and just rule, they also have been dubbed the Five Great Emperors.
A unique feature of these Emperors is their method of succession, under which an Emperor adopted the candidate of his choice to be his successor. Under Roman law, an adoption established a bond legally as strong as that of kinship. Because of this, these rulers are also called Adoptive Emperors.
I. Nerva, (96-98), "grey-haired" Day (2001) 106, irrelevant
II. Trajan, (98-117), "golden-haired" (caesaries) Sieglin (1935) 109
III. Hadrian, (117-138), "dark-haired" (κυανοχαιτα) Sieglin (1935) 112 "grey-eyed" (γλαυκόφθαλμος) Malalas, XI, 277
IV. Antoninus Pius, (138-161) "grey/white-haired" (πολιός) Malalas, XI, 280 irrelevant obviously, "wine-coloured eyes" (οινοπαης τους οφθαλμούς) Malalas, XI, 280
V. Marcus Aurelius, (161-180) no data on pigmentation.
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