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In the article above it is stated that:Diversity in matrilineages among the Jomon individuals of Japan
Fuzuki Mizuno,Yasuhiro Taniguchi,Osamu Kondo,Michiko Hayashi,Kunihiko Kurosaki &Shintaroh Ueda
”Haplogroup M7a is widely distributed throughout the Japanese archipelago.”
”Haplogroup N9b is widely distributed throughout the Japanese archipelago, except in Kyushu and southwards.”
Indeed, while the most ancient cases of mtDNA M7a were observed in the southern Ryukyu Islands, it has long been suggested that mtDNA N9b might have appeared in the Japanese Archipelago due to a more northern dispersal.
Recently, one more Japanese article appeared:
This article suggested the population replacement in the Japanese Archipelago after the appearance of the first ancient Japanese inhabitants ca. 38000 years ago, who used trapezoid small flake-based assemblages (that is, small flake-based assemblages (trapezoid ones) of the first inhabitants of the Japanese Archipelago 38000 years should be different from small flake-based assemblages, used by yDNA NO-M214 populations, unless the Japanese researchers try to mix their trapezoid small flake-based assemblages with mainstream non-trapezoid small flake based assemblages of yDNA NO-M214 populations from mainland China).Cold adaptation in Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers of eastern Eurasia
Previous genomic studies understanding the dispersal of Homo sapiens have suggested that present-day East Eurasians and Native Americans can trace their ancestry to migrations from Southeast Asia. However, ineluctable adaptations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remain unclear. By analyzing 42 genomes of up to 30-fold coverage from prehistoric hunter-gatherers, Jomon, we reveal their descent from Upper Paleolithic (UP) foragers who migrated to and isolated in the Japanese archipelago during Late Pleistocene. We provide compelling evidence suggesting that these UP people underwent positive selection for cold environments, aiding their survival through the LGM facilitated by non-shivering thermogenesis and detecting it polygenically across multiple loci in the Jomon lineage. Our study pioneers the close estimation of the physiological adaptation of ancient humans by the paleogenomic approach.
”Cold adaptation in Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers of eastern Eurasia”: “Following the initial appearance of modern human at 38,000 yr cal BP, drastic change in the chronological distribution of radiocarbon dates were observed by the Kernel Density Estimate model (8, 58, 59) around 30,000 yr cal BP, both on P-Honshu and PSHK during Middle UP(60). These technological changes and the fluctuation of cultural occupation patterns align with the hypothesis of the population replacement(s) occurred between the early and middle UP periods on P-Honshu and PSHK. Moreover, they suggest that the middle UP foragers adopted to the colder landscape of the northern Asia before colonized into P-Honshu.
Consequently, since the Japanese authors evasively support the southern origin of the Eastern Eurasians in the main text, the new populations, coming to the Japanese Archipelago 30,000 years ago, should have already started to adapt to the colder environment.
Whereas mtDNA N9b is the female lineage, accompanied by yDNA D-M174, showing a more northerly distribution in the Japanese Archipelago in “Diversity in matrilineages among the Jomon individuals of Japan”, which is sometimes thought to be incompatible with any southern entry of mtDNA N9b to the Japanese Archipelago, the history of mtDNA N9a and mtDNA N9b is complicated. Different views were suggested for the timing of the split of these lineages, strarting from 50000-55000 years ago and much less.
Indeed, while it can be seen from the materials of “The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene” that mtDNA N9a used to be a representative of the “Tianyuan-like” population, whose members should have belonged to yDNA O-M175*, the ancient Japanese individual, belonging to the potentially deeply diverged mtDNA N9b, formed a cline in the way, different from mtDNA N9a bearers:
In “The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene”, the ancient Japanese individual, belonging to the potentially deeply diverged mtDNA N9b, formed a cline with individuals belonging to the northern Himalayan branch of yDNA D-M174, that is, the one that split from its brother branch about 50000 years ago. Basal branches, marked as yDNA D-M174*, have also been reported from that region. Consequently, while mtDNA N9a started to distribute in the yDNA O-M175*-related population, its sister mtDNA N9b joined the yDNA D-M174-related population at some point.
In 2022, the article “A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia” by Melinda Yang showed the directionality of the ancient migration from the Himalayan-related Tibetan region in the direction of inhabitants of Mongolia and Amur (Heilongjiang) region, where adaptation to the cold environment might have taken place.
Even before, in 2020, the article “Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China” suggested the possibility to model in the same way the deep Jomon ancestry and deep ancestry of the Himalayas (from where some differing 50000-year-old clades of yDNA D-M174 individuals had distributed). It should be helpful to understand the migration of at least some early yDNA D-M174-related populations, which at a certain stage were likely to get in touch with the mtDNA N9b (as opposed to the yDNA O-M175*-related mtDNA N9a lineage) to comply with the findings of “The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene”. It should be seen whether yDNA D-M64 was the original yDNA D-M174 branch to accompany mtDNA N9b bearers.
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