Dick
07-11-2019, 05:44 AM
https://adnaera.com/2019/05/19/unravelling-estonias-genetic-history/
In short, the genetic history of Estonia can be summarised as follows:
1. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were genetically related to the rest of European ones (WHG), and more specifically to those from the Balkans, with a late influx of other ones related to easternmost areas (EHG).
2. The arrival of the Corded Ware Culture represents a clear discontinuity with the previous populations, as we see in other areas with the transition to a productive economy. This CWC population can be described as a mix of (in this order) Steppe Eneolithic populations (who also provide de chromY male lineages), Middle Neolithic populations from Europe and local hunter-gatherers (HG).
3. During the Bronze Age, we see a rebound of the local HG ancestry, much like in other places in Europe after the arrival of farming.
4. The Iron Age sees the arrival of some traces of Siberian ancestry (that was widespread by then both to the North and the South). It also sees the appearance of the ChromY N3a3a lineages associated with that Siberian ancestry (in this case to the north, not to the south), which are common in modern populations from the area and all the way to Siberia.
5. From then to the modern population of Estonia we see some increase in Southern European/Near Eastern ancestry (not shown in the graph above).
In short, the genetic history of Estonia can be summarised as follows:
1. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were genetically related to the rest of European ones (WHG), and more specifically to those from the Balkans, with a late influx of other ones related to easternmost areas (EHG).
2. The arrival of the Corded Ware Culture represents a clear discontinuity with the previous populations, as we see in other areas with the transition to a productive economy. This CWC population can be described as a mix of (in this order) Steppe Eneolithic populations (who also provide de chromY male lineages), Middle Neolithic populations from Europe and local hunter-gatherers (HG).
3. During the Bronze Age, we see a rebound of the local HG ancestry, much like in other places in Europe after the arrival of farming.
4. The Iron Age sees the arrival of some traces of Siberian ancestry (that was widespread by then both to the North and the South). It also sees the appearance of the ChromY N3a3a lineages associated with that Siberian ancestry (in this case to the north, not to the south), which are common in modern populations from the area and all the way to Siberia.
5. From then to the modern population of Estonia we see some increase in Southern European/Near Eastern ancestry (not shown in the graph above).