Medieval DNA from Soqotra points to Eurasian origins

[Ajeje Brazorf]

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02322-x

https://i.imgur.com/LDjyMRt.png


<tbody>
ID
Date
Coverage
Y-DNA
mtDNA


I20687
1100
0,43%
n/a (female)
I5a2a


I20688
1096
1,35%
n/a (female)
I5a2a


I20691
900
10,02%
J2b1 / J-Y45076
I5a2a


I20692
725
39,86%
J2b1 / J-FT46678
R0a1a1a


I20693
900
16,73%
n/a (female)
N1a1a3


I20694
961
48,61%
J2b1 / J-PF7321
R2c


I20695
900
11,81%
J2b1 / J-M205
N1a1a3


I20696
900
40,48%
J2b / J-Z534
J2a2


I20697
900
24,13%
J2b1 / J-Y45076
R2c


I20698
1013
21,91%
n/a (female)
J2a2


I20699
900
6,96%
n/a (female)
J2a2


I20700
1097
11,92%
n/a (female)
K1a4b


I20701
1088
29,53%
J2b1 / J-Y45447
L3h2


I20702
900
26,54%
J2b1 / J-Y45447
U1a1


I20703
711
55,17%
n/a (female)
R0a2


I20704
900
44,53%
n/a (female)
R2c


I20705
900
73,18%
J2b1 / J-FT46678
R2c


I20706
900
10,00%
n/a (female)
J1b


I20707
900
35,29%
n/a (female)
J2a2


I20708
900
38,18%
J2b1 / J-Y47134
U2b2


I20709
832
12,52%
n/a (female)
R2c


I20710
900
13,42%
J2b1 / J-M205
R0a2


I20711
1050
1,03%
n/a (female)
T2i


I20718
1805
76,56%
n/a (female)
T2i


I20721
1050
3,06%
n/a (female)
J1b


I20722
1050
1,28%
n/a (female)
I5a2a


I20723
1050
7,39%
n/a (female)
J1b


I20724
1050
1,31%
n/a (female)
J1b


I21107
1098
13,61%
n/a (female)
I5a2a


I21108
1011
55,48%
n/a (female)
U1a1


I21109
654
2,55%
J1a2a1a2d2b~ / J-Z2324
N1a1a3


I21110
1050
0,97%
IJK / IJK
n/a (<2x)


I21111
1050
1,10%
J / J
J1b


I21113
1095
8,78%
n/a (female)
R0a2


I21114
831
10,50%
J2b1 / J-M205
K1a4b


I21115
722
24,38%
n/a (female)
I5a2a


I21116
702
31,03%
J2b1 / J-Y47134
R0a2


I21117
1135
32,04%
J2b / J-Z534
J1b


I21118
1071
24,94%
J2b / J-Z534
I5a2a

</tbody>

https://i.imgur.com/XdmOaJY.png

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Soqotra, an island situated at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden in the northwest Indian Ocean between Africa and Arabia, is home to ~60,000 people subsisting through fishing and semi-nomadic pastoralism who speak a Modern South Arabian language. Most of what is known about Soqotri history derives from writings of foreign travellers who provided little detail about local people, and the geographic origins and genetic affinities of early Soqotri people has not yet been investigated directly. Here we report genome-wide data from 39 individuals who lived between ~650 and 1750 ce at six locations across the island and document strong genetic connections between Soqotra and the similarly isolated Hadramawt region of coastal South Arabia that likely reflects a source for the peopling of Soqotra. Medieval Soqotri can be modelled as deriving ~86% of their ancestry from a population such as that found in the Hadramawt today, with the remaining ~14% best proxied by an Iranian-related source with up to 2% ancestry from the Indian sub-continent, possibly reflecting genetic exchanges that occurred along with archaeologically documented trade from these regions. In contrast to all other genotyped populations of the Arabian Peninsula, genome-level analysis of the medieval Soqotri is consistent with no sub-Saharan African admixture dating to the Holocene. The deep ancestry of people from medieval Soqotra and the Hadramawt is also unique in deriving less from early Holocene Levantine farmers and more from groups such as Late Pleistocene hunter–gatherers from the Levant (Natufians) than other mainland Arabians. This attests to migrations by early farmers having less impact in southernmost Arabia and Soqotra and provides compelling evidence that there has not been complete population replacement between the Pleistocene and Holocene throughout the Arabian Peninsula. Medieval Soqotra harboured a small population that showed qualitatively different marriage practices from modern Soqotri, with first-cousin unions occurring significantly less frequently than today.

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Scaled G25


YEM_Soqotra:I20691__AD_900__Cov_10.02%,0.048944,0. 137096,-0.083721,-0.10336,-0.014772,-0.046017,-0.026321,0.010153,0.052154,-0.001276,0.009256,-0.043162,0.058275,0.017616,0.003257,0.010077,-0.016689,-0.000253,0.011564,0.012131,0.004742,0.011376,-0.020952,-0.007471,-0.016406
YEM_Soqotra:I20692__AD_725__Cov_39.86%,0.053497,0. 135065,-0.062602,-0.122741,-0.016618,-0.046575,-0.014336,-0.003692,0.056858,-0.014032,0.012991,-0.021881,0.054856,0.001651,0.00285,0.019225,-0.015385,0.005574,-0.003142,0.024262,0.009982,0.002844,-0.012078,0.009399,-0.008622
YEM_Soqotra:I20693__AD_900__Cov_16.73%,0.027318,0. 121864,-0.059962,-0.107237,-0.026159,-0.03514,-0.006815,-0.014999,0.052767,0.005832,-0.004384,-0.026676,0.047423,0.007569,0.005293,0.017369,-0.028163,0.002534,0.002891,0.018259,0.001996,-0.000866,-0.010969,0.00735,-0.003832
YEM_Soqotra:I20694__AD_961__Cov_48.61%,0.042115,0. 13405,-0.064111,-0.104006,-0.017234,-0.040997,-0.012456,-0.009,0.053176,-0.004009,0.016888,-0.027575,0.063032,0.002615,0.010043,0.013126,-0.032987,0.011402,0.005656,0.014757,0.012603,0.003 586,-0.00912,-0.006507,-0.002874
YEM_Soqotra:I20695__AD_900__Cov_11.81%,0.020488,0. 128972,-0.059962,-0.109175,-0.029544,-0.038766,0.00846,-0.016845,0.055221,-0.004738,0.022572,-0.017684,0.048017,-0.014588,0.006107,0.014187,-0.01343,0.006968,0.000628,0.012006,0.011854,-0.005441,-0.015406,0.010242,-0.000838
YEM_Soqotra:I20696__AD_900__Cov_40.48%,0.054635,0. 128972,-0.065242,-0.102714,-0.005539,-0.053547,-0.018801,0.000462,0.055017,-0.00492,0.002761,-0.023679,0.052923,0.004266,0.011265,0.009149,-0.026207,0.007095,0.001383,0.016633,0.011979,0.007 048,-0.007888,0.003253,-0.004431
YEM_Soqotra:I20697__AD_900__Cov_24.13%,0.053497,0. 136081,-0.064488,-0.104329,-0.015695,-0.04518,-0.00705,-0.009692,0.052154,-0.008747,0.017213,-0.027426,0.058721,0.004542,0.007057,0.009679,-0.025946,0.019763,0.006034,0.029764,0.017968,0.007 666,-0.001232,-0.009158,-0.002874
YEM_Soqotra:I20698__AD_1013__Cov_21.91%,0.061464,0 .125926,-0.062602,-0.102391,-0.005539,-0.055778,-0.007755,-0.008538,0.053176,-0.023508,0.007632,-0.027575,0.056788,-0.00578,-0.005022,0.024529,-0.01343,-0.004307,0.00817,0.024887,0.0141,0.00643,-0.01023,-0.006266,-0.007664
YEM_Soqotra:I20700__AD_1097__Cov_11.92%,0.052359,0 .133034,-0.076933,-0.098515,-0.005847,-0.05522,-0.018096,0.000462,0.058085,0.00328,-0.002436,-0.031172,0.068681,0.009221,-0.00665,0.038584,-0.014212,0.011275,-0.003771,0.021885,0.012353,0.015333,0.008134,-0.00012,-0.009819
YEM_Soqotra:I20701__AD_1088__Cov_29.53%,0.050082,0 .13405,-0.065996,-0.118219,-0.014464,-0.044344,-0.006815,-0.006231,0.05604,-0.008018,0.005359,-0.028025,0.051734,0.006055,0.005836,0.019888,-0.010691,-0.009628,-0.003268,0.03064,0.013851,0.005688,-0.010353,-0.00494,0.000838
YEM_Soqotra:I20702__AD_900__Cov_26.54%,0.056912,0. 12491,-0.065996,-0.111759,-0.021235,-0.049643,-0.021621,-0.006461,0.060335,-0.011299,0.011042,-0.030123,0.054558,0.007294,0.004343,0.023601,-0.005867,0.001774,0.00088,0.022011,0.006114,0.0098 92,0.000493,-0.003253,-0.001676
YEM_Soqotra:I20703__AD_711__Cov_55.17%,0.047806,0. 117801,-0.072784,-0.080427,-0.028005,-0.034025,-0.015981,-0.003692,0.044586,-0.010023,0.012666,-0.02233,0.045193,-0.004817,0.001629,0.011668,-0.005346,0.003167,0.000377,0.007128,0.003244,0.016 446,-0.007025,0.007712,-0.012214
YEM_Soqotra:I20704__AD_900__Cov_44.53%,0.056912,0. 129988,-0.073916,-0.112082,-0.007694,-0.039324,-0.014101,-0.007615,0.058903,-0.007472,0.011692,-0.017684,0.055004,-0.001239,-0.00095,0.001061,-0.021383,0.0019,0.004399,0.014757,0.014974,0.00902 7,-0.00986,-0.006145,0.004311
YEM_Soqotra:I20705__AD_900__Cov_73.18%,0.05805,0.1 35065,-0.067505,-0.108529,-0.016003,-0.047969,-0.011281,-0.008307,0.063402,-0.005467,0.015427,-0.025627,0.052031,0.007432,0.004479,0.018695,-0.007693,0.003547,0.007039,0.020635,0.015473,0.013 231,-0.00419,-0.002048,-0.012574
YEM_Soqotra:I20706__AD_900__Cov_10.00%,0.047806,0. 123895,-0.07203,-0.103037,-0.028005,-0.032909,-0.01034,-0.007154,0.053176,-0.007472,0.020623,-0.016635,0.062586,0.012524,0.008143,0.006895,-0.026989,0.007095,0.012067,0.026138,0.01722,0.0213 92,0.000616,-0.007712,-0.009101
YEM_Soqotra:I20707__AD_900__Cov_35.29%,0.053497,0. 118817,-0.062979,-0.102068,-0.011387,-0.040439,-0.005875,-0.005769,0.063402,0.000911,0.013965,-0.032221,0.064519,0.00578,0.005972,0.019756,-0.024251,0.006968,-0.001634,0.028264,0.010107,0.012242,-0.003821,0.006025,-0.003233
YEM_Soqotra:I20708__AD_900__Cov_38.18%,0.046667,0. 133034,-0.074293,-0.101422,-0.014464,-0.044901,-0.01034,-0.010615,0.047654,0.000911,0.020461,-0.026826,0.066005,-0.002615,0.008415,0.027048,-0.00691,0.00114,-0.00176,0.023636,0.011105,0.010387,-0.001725,-0.005904,-0.001197
YEM_Soqotra:I20709__AD_832__Cov_12.52%,0.056912,0. 133034,-0.073539,-0.096577,-0.020619,-0.039045,-0.017156,-0.006,0.055221,0.010023,0.031503,-0.04481,0.063924,-0.002752,-0.0019,0.018297,-0.020079,0.018243,-0.005154,0.01038,0.01148,0.006306,-0.024526,0.015303,-0.006826
YEM_Soqotra:I20710__AD_900__Cov_13.42%,0.067156,0. 132019,-0.076555,-0.116604,-0.020927,-0.058288,-0.005875,-0.011307,0.065243,-0.005649,0.008282,-0.024129,0.042517,0.007156,0.017779,0.023468,-0.008475,0.015329,0.006662,0.028389,0.010981,0.014 715,-0.021322,0.007591,0.000958
YEM_Soqotra:I20718__AD_1805__Cov_76.56%,0.045529,0 .132019,-0.06939,-0.11079,-0.014772,-0.041834,-0.020681,-0.004384,0.062789,0.001822,0.010393,-0.021731,0.052477,-0.003303,0.011808,0.022142,-0.019036,0.00038,0.002388,0.03189,0.014599,0.01335 4,-0.004437,0.010242,0.00012
YEM_Soqotra:I21107__AD_1098__Cov_13.61%,0.039838,0 .141159,-0.059208,-0.118219,-0.01231,-0.04016,-0.00235,-0.012923,0.056449,-0.016219,0.002923,-0.025327,0.057383,-0.008808,0.02918,0.026253,-0.008736,0.009248,0.003017,0.02026,0.010731,0.0101 4,-0.00037,-0.003856,-0.006586
YEM_Soqotra:I21108__AD_1011__Cov_55.48%,0.055773,0 .129988,-0.070144,-0.10756,-0.020927,-0.047969,-0.017861,-0.001385,0.053176,-0.00492,-0.001137,-0.029524,0.048315,0.001239,-0.000136,0.033943,0.008345,-0.003547,0.006536,0.029764,0.008485,0.013354,-0.002835,0.00241,-0.0097
YEM_Soqotra:I21114__AD_831__Cov_10.50%,0.036423,0. 114755,-0.059208,-0.108206,-0.016311,-0.050758,-0.001175,-0.002077,0.059721,0.00656,0.017538,-0.023229,0.048166,-0.009634,-0.005022,0.016574,-0.01356,-0.007855,0.012067,0.028514,0.013601,0.016569,-0.002588,-0.000602,-0.003952
YEM_Soqotra:I21115__AD_722__Cov_24.38%,0.055773,0. 133034,-0.070144,-0.11402,-0.012618,-0.044623,-0.0094,-0.013846,0.072606,0.009476,0.009094,-0.032371,0.074479,0.011147,0.001764,0.0297,-0.012517,0.009882,-0.00088,0.026263,0.012977,0.010016,-0.00949,0.005181,-0.005628
YEM_Soqotra:I21116__AD_702__Cov_31.03%,0.045529,0. 121864,-0.069013,-0.084626,-0.001846,-0.039881,-0.003995,-0.017538,0.047859,-0.003462,0.018837,-0.03402,0.040733,0.007432,-0.000543,0.007955,-0.019166,-0.004054,-0.005782,0.014007,0.018717,0.000742,-0.002095,0.002771,-0.005389
YEM_Soqotra:I21117__AD_1135__Cov_32.04%,0.0387,0.1 27957,-0.061094,-0.112082,-0.01231,-0.047133,-0.018566,-0.003231,0.062175,-0.002551,0.011854,-0.027725,0.052329,0.00289,0.010722,0.010475,-0.033639,-0.002407,-0.007542,0.016133,0.01148,0.01014,-0.011832,-0.001084,0.001197
YEM_Soqotra:I21118__AD_1071__Cov_24.94%,0.036423,0 .123895,-0.062602,-0.104976,-0.004924,-0.046575,-0.013396,-0.009692,0.061153,-0.01385,0.017863,-0.026826,0.057086,0.016377,0.004207,0.013392,-0.028424,0.010008,-0.000754,0.014257,0.014849,0.009769,-0.002095,-0.003253,0.005269

[Voskos]

Iteresting that these islanders, show some sardinian admixture, albeit not very high.
Target: YEM_Soqotra:I20705__AD_900__Cov_73.18%
Chebyshev distance: 1.1386% / 0.01138557 | R3P
88.4 Saudi
7.4 Sardinian
4.2 Ethiopian_Amhara

[Feiichy]

Very interesting island with unique flora. I'd like to visit a place like that if it were safe.

https://travelinyourownway.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/bl1.jpg
https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0318/4839/8907/files/17.jpg?v=1587019731
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Sokotra.JPG/1024px-Sokotra.JPG

[Johnson Reed]

Why did they spell Socotra like that?

[Seiya2000]

The medieval Soqotri were Christians, and only began to be Islamized in the 15th century.

[ScandinavianCelt]

I don't show any of this with the normal coordinates but when I use the individual chromosomes I can see some of it with the largest piece being on my most distant chromosome and it shows up at 6.8%