I know about East Germans/Prussians. I assumed it was similar for Volgas based off the results I saw
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So Leipzigers are literally more eastern shifted than Austrians, literally the people of the "Eastern realm" or Osterreich.
Target: Austrian
Distance: 0.7588% / 0.00758811
73.0 French_Alsace
27.0 Russian_Kursk
Target: German_East
Distance: 1.5210% / 0.01520983
40.6 Russian_Kursk
39.8 French_Alsace
19.6 Dutch
Well well well...
According to K13 Updated East Germans are really East-Central European shifted, while Austrians are somewhat different, but they also have strong East-Central European admixture, while both are notable outliers among the German-speaking world:
Target: German_East
Distance: 0.8006% / 0.80060763 | ADC: 0.25x RC
68.9 Czech
16.2 Sweden_Svealand_East
9.2 Austrian
5.7 French_Basque
Target: Austrian
Distance: 0.9050% / 0.90497091 | ADC: 0.25x RC
42.0 German_East
32.9 French_Alsace
20.1 Hungarian_Transdanubia+Budapest
3.5 German
1.5 Avar
Doesn't mean anything, Austrian average is academic and mix of all regions. There are southern Austrians who are more Slavic than east Germans from Leipzig (Noricum for example).
You were already told not to use G25 for moderns. Neither is Austrian average very useful (some Austrians plot like Bavarians and Swiss, while some are heavily Slavic), neither is this German Leipzig average that useful either.
East Germans have way more genetic diversity than that and important thing to mention is that Leipzig average has significant southern (Celtic) pull, something many regions further north lack.
These are same academic averages, they are poor. Soon we will have German regional averages. "East Germans" are very diverse. People from Mecklenburg can be 70% proto Germanic and more Germanic than vast majority of west Germans/Belgians/English/south Dutch, they are east Germans too. Some East Prussians can be Lithuanian like. Those from Saxony are three way mix of Celts, Germanics and Slavs. Etc.
I definitely really anticipating these new German averages. I had a feeling these two averages aren't on the same level with other averages on K13, but since we have no others, that's why I use them. I have a feeling there are regional differences even among Austrians, just like among Hungarians or any other nationalities between 5-10 million people.
They are probably not ethnic Germans but these people:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Lithuanians
Is there an upcoming study? Or non-academic samples?
^^^^non academic samples with 4/4 grandparents of the same region.