Global genetic distances (graph map).

[hereward]

Genetic Differences between Five European Populations


Abstract:

Aims: We sought to examine the magnitude of the differences in SNP allele frequencies between five European populations (Scotland, Ireland, Sweden, Bulgaria and Portugal) and to identify the loci with the greatest differences. Methods: We performed a population-based genome-wide association analysis with Affymetrix 6.0 and 5.0 arrays. We used a 4 degrees of freedom χ2 test to determine the magnitude of stratification for each SNP. We then examined the genes within the most stratified regions, using a highly conservative cutoff of p < 10–45. Results: We found 40,593 SNPs which are genome-wide significantly (p ≤ 10–8) stratified between these populations. The largest differences clustered in gene ontology categories for immunity and pigmentation. Some of the top loci span genes that have already been reported as highly stratified: genes for hair color and pigmentation (HERC2, EXOC2, IRF4), the LCT gene, genes involved in NAD metabolism, and in immunity (HLA and the Toll-like receptor genes TLR10, TLR1, TLR6). However, several genes have not previously been reported as stratified within European populations, indicating that they might also have provided selective advantages: several zinc finger genes, two genes involved in glutathione synthesis or function, and most intriguingly, FOXP2, implicated in speech development. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrates that many SNPs show genome-wide significant differences within European populations and the magnitude of the differences correlate with the geographical distance. At least some of these differences are due to the selective advantage of polymorphisms within these loci.

http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB...oduktNr=224250

[Foxy]

I could not avoid to notice that this map puts Greece not in the Indo-European group but in the Afro-Asiatic area, and Albaneses are also on the edge.
If we consider the circles, on the contrary, Turks appear to be Indo-European...
So, is this map reliable?

[Loki]

I could not avoid to notice that this map puts Greece not in the Indo-European group but in the Afro-Asiatic area, and Albaneses are also on the edge.
If we consider the circles, on the contrary, Turks appear to be Indo-European...
So, is this map reliable?

No, you're confused. Look again at the map. It's the opposite of what you say.

[Vasconcelos]

It says Greeks are IE, just not in the same quadrant as most of the others, same for Sicilly.

[Foxy]

Oh, sorry then. Why are they in an other quadrant if they are indo-Europeans?

[Vasconcelos]

No idea what the X and Y axis mean, I'd like to know it myself.

[Ibericus]

Oh, sorry then. Why are they in an other quadrant if they are indo-Europeans?

I believe It is only based on y-DNA, not in autosomal (overall genome)

I could not avoid to notice that this map puts Greece not in the Indo-European group but in the Afro-Asiatic area, and Albaneses are also on the edge.
If we consider the circles, on the contrary, Turks appear to be Indo-European...
So, is this map reliable?

No, Greece is in the IE group altough closer to the Afro-Asiatic than most europeans, and Turks are right in the overlap between IE and Afro-Asiatic which means they are about half of each.

[Mortimer]

Percentage of Genetic Distance of the English, Japanese, and Nigerian Populations from Other Populations per Nei and Roychoudhury (1993)

English Distance Japanese Distance Nigerian Distance

German .002 Korean .006 Bantu (Natal) .027

Finn .005 Mongolian .012 San-Bushmen .075

Italian .007 S. Chinese .023 Italian .130

North Indian .020 Filipino .026 German .131

Iranian .022 Thai .030 English .133

Lapp .025 Polynesian .035 Finn .133

Mongolian .055 North Indian .040 North Indian .135

Japanese .061 N. Amerind .042 Iranian .136

Korean .061 Iranian .050 Mongolian .141

S. Chinese .073 Finn .054 Korean .143

Filipino .074 Italian .055 Lapp .145

N. Amerind .076 German .057 Japanese .149

Thai .081 English .061 Filipino .150

Polynesian .096 Lapp .061 S. Chinese .155

San-Bushmen .097 Australoid .062 N. Amerind .158

Bantu (Natal) .108 San-Bushmen .108 Thai .161

Australoid .122 Bantu (Natal) .117 Polynesian .166

Nigerian .133 Nigerian .149 Australoid .176

Chimpanzee 1.60 Chimpanzee 1.60 Chimpanzee 1.60

[Mortimer]

[Arch Hades]

I could not avoid to notice that this map puts Greece not in the Indo-European group but in the Afro-Asiatic area, and Albaneses are also on the edge.
If we consider the circles, on the contrary, Turks appear to be Indo-European...
So, is this map reliable?

The map has been doctored, the original one there is not "Afro-Asiatic" or "Indo-European" labeling, also it's just a Y-Chromosome diversity map, it's not a genome wide map.