NEW three papers with ancient Levant genomes

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Interesting. How Sumerians can be modelized?

The original Sumerians were most likely a mixture between Anatolia_NEO and Iran_NEO, because they found out that around 6500 BCE both groups collided and mixed around the Upper Mesopotamia became known as Iran_ChL.

One part migrated into Central Asia. Other part migrated into the Southern Mesopotamia.

Those Sumerians who were related to the Southern Sumerians migrated into the Northern Levant and mixed with the Northern Levant Semites in an area around their ancient cities like Ebla.


Later the 'Uruk' Sumerians in Basra/Kuwait mixed with the Semitic people such as Amorites or Akkadians and later with the Arabs.

[dududud]

The original Sumerians were most likely a mixture between Anatolia_NEO and Iran_NEO, because they found out that around 6500 BCE both groups collided and mixed around the Upper Mesopotamia became known as Iran_ChL.

One part migrated itnro Central Asia. Other part migrated into the Southern Mesopotamia.

Those Sumerians who were related to the Southern Sumerians migrated into the Northern Levant and mixed with the Northern Levant Semites in an area around their ancient cities like Ebla.


Later the 'Uruk' Sumerians in Basra/Kuwait mixed with the Semitic people such as Amorites or Akkadians and later with the Arabs.

And their Anatolia_NEO part was close to what modern population?

[Aren]

Just some excerpts from one of the papers:

“We found that significant genetic changes that were marked by an increase in Eurasian ancestry related to ancient Europeans and ancient Central Asians occurred after the Bronze Age and starting from the Iron Age II (Figure S7A).”

“ that two Hellenistic individuals (SFI-5 and SFI-12) and one early Roman individual (SFI- 11) had excess haplotype sharing with Central and South Asians (Figures 2E and S9), thus confirming the qpAdm re- sults. The relationship of ancient Lebanon with Central and South Asia also manifests in the presence of hap- logroup L1a1-M27 among the modern Lebanese Y chro- mosome lineages (Figure S10). Haplogroup L1a1-M27 is common today in Central and South Asia but rare else- where”

Haplogroup Q ancients have never been found before in the Middle East let alone in that period.

The central Asian woman in the first paper in OP is very significant as well. People don’t migrate on their own. It means central Asian migrations to West Asia were happening much earlier than previously thought.

Ah yes I hadn't seen the second paper thought only of the BMAC-like woman.

The woman might be a Mitanni and the later two Hellenistic period are probably Early Persians, it still doesnt matter much as their autosomal contribution to modern Levantines is next to zero.

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They found in Ebla cuneiforms in Sumerian from the Sumerian 'Uruk' period. But those who migrated into the Northern Levant were most likely Hurrians who were highly influenced by the 'Uruk' Sumerians

[Adamm]

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And their Anatolia_NEO part was close to what modern population?

Original Anatolia_NEO were from like the word is saying, Anatolia. Those Anatolians in Europe unleashed the Neolithic agricultural revolution.

Those Anatolians survived mostly on small islands in SouthEast Europe. Today those people are the closest to them.

This is a rough model for the Anatolia_NEO. Anatolia_NEO were native to Anatolia, but just notice how much WHG those Anatolians had.

[dududud]

Original Anatolia_NEO were from like the word is saying, Anatolia. Those Anatolians in Europe unleashed the Neolithic agricultural revolution.

Those Anatolians survived mostly on small islands in SouthEast Europe. Today those people are the closest to them.

This is a rough model for the Anatolia_NEO. Anatolia_NEO were native to Anatolia, but just notice how much WHG those Anatolians had.

Sumerians can be modelized as half sardinian and half levantine?

[Zoro]

Ah yes I hadn't seen the second paper thought only of the BMAC-like woman.

The woman might be a Mitanni and the later two Hellenistic period are probably Early Persians, it still doesnt matter much as their autosomal contribution to modern Levantines is next to zero.

Actually that's not entirely true either because their contribution is old and thus yes one would not expect to see much on admixture calculator individual results because old contributions get incorporated into the population pretty evenly. The way we can prove the contribution is when we compare Neolithic genomes from the Levant to Chalcolithic Levant to BA Levant we see a steady shift in the direction of Central Asia.

As far as actual numbers don't know off the top of my head but pretty much we see a steady shift towards Central Asia whether we compare Anatolia-N to Anatolia-BA or IA or whether we do this for the Levant.

Obviously this shift towards Central Asia is greatest on the fringe populations including Iran-N ---> Iran-IA but its there even in the Levant.

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Sumerians can be modelized as half sardinian and half levantine?

The original Sumerians were Anatolian_NEO + Iran_NEO.

In your words they would be modelled as a mixture between Sardinians and Sistan Iranians (the most south-eastern shifted Iranians of today with the highest Iran_NEO).


According to this latest study they found actually a sample in the Upper Mesopotamia (an area between Tigris and Euphrates in Northern Kurdistan), but I haven't seen the admix results yet

[Kamal900]

It appears the Alalakh samples are closest to the Ebla samples.

Indeed, and I'm more closer to the northern Semitic peoples than to Israelites as a whole due on the fact that my family in both sides are from the very north of Israel/Palestine, and the region was inhabited by the Phoenicians before the Jewish kingdom of the Hasmonean dynasty mixed and assimilated the region and it's inhabitants into Judaism and so on according to what Semitic Duwa told me on Anthrogenica.