The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2,000-year archeogenomic time transect

[Rethel]

Indo europeans?

Some of them yes. Both groups have european admix, and a part of them are R-men.
The different thing is, what their colour is. Officially is original, but I wouldn't be surrprize if it isn't.

Red hair and blonde hair existed way before indo europeans.

Surely existed in common genetic pool of humanity, BUT Indoeuropeans are the only ones, who preserved it.
Other groups obviously, if had it, then did lost it at the very beginning, and you can't even know it, because
all what can be researched, these are allready developed peoples in their original inbred races. And there is
nothing, what would suggest, that light traces were common — quite opposite, it wasn't.

[JamesBond007]

Opinions? We saw the same conclusions in the Ancient Rome paper so it is nothing new. Italians seems to be a mixture of Iron Age Italians and all sorts of Mediterraneans from across the Roman Empire plus some post-Roman Germanic admixture in varying proportions depending on the region.

Sorry, don't really care. I of course heard of course heard of the Etruscans historically but Rome and modern day America (based on Rome) have to be some of the most overblown overrated civilizations of all time. Do you want to take on rising China ? Ancient Greece or the British empire are the models to choose from IMHO.

Also, of course modern Italy obviously as a civilizational model can't defeat China as well. That goes without saying as it is absurd.

[Token]

Indo europeans?
Red hair and blonde hair existed way before indo europeans.

Australoid blondism is genetically completely unrelated to Eurasian blondism, which is of ANE in origin.

[zebruh]

Australoid blondism is genetically completely unrelated to Eurasian blondism, which is of ANE in origin.

Doubt it. Both are blonde.

[Token]

Doubt it. Both are blonde.

Facts are facts. Different mutations, different origins.

[Flashball]

Do you have the study samples?

[J. Ketch]

What pushed so many west asians to settle in italy during the imperial era ? Also weren't some roman authors complaining about the massive presence of levantines in Italy ? (if someone got the source please post it)

It is that the city is become Greek, Quirites, that I cannot tolerate; and yet how small the proportion even of the dregs of Greece! Syrian Orontes has long since flowed into the Tiber, and brought with it its language, morals, and the crooked harps [...]

Juvenal
Satire III: On the City of Rome c. 118 CE

[zebruh]

Facts are facts. Different mutations, different origins.

Ok, blondism in austrailian aborigines is probably older.

[Rethel]

is probably older.

You can't know it. Noone can. Why to make such empty assumption from thin air?

[Token]

Ok, blondism in austrailian aborigines is probably older.

Afontova Gora 3 - the oldest individual carrying the Eurasian blond hair mutation we are aware of - is dated to the Upper Paleolithic by radiocarbon dating.

In 2017, direct AMS dating revealed that Afontova Gora 3 is dated to around 16,130-15,749 BP

Phenotypic analysis shows that Afontova Gora 3 carries the derived rs12821256 allele associated with blond hair color in Europeans, making Afontova Gora 3 the earliest individual known to carry this derived allele.

Until we find an Australian aborigine older than that carrying the gene for aboriginal blond hair, there is no reason to assume that their mutation is older.