Large-Scale Migration into Southern Britain During the Middle to Late Bronze Age

[Peterski]

150 Iron Age samples seems few*, but it is hard to get DNA - most of Iron Age cultures from Poland's territory were burning their dead.

*At least it seems few compared to 550 Medieval.

[J. Ketch]

The English G25 average is also Celtic shifted compared to reality. It should be on a cline between Scottish/Irish and German there.

More between Scottish/Irish and West German I should say.


K13 comparison, I think the old SE & SW English averages from Gedmatch are the basis for the English and English_Cornwall averages on G25, so the England IA average is maybe close to Southwest_English_old here.

[Dick]

150 Iron Age samples seems few*, but it is hard to get DNA - most of Iron Age cultures from Poland's territory were burning their dead.

*At least it seems few compared to 550 Medieval.

Seems as though the indo-euro invaders were into cremating the dead while the indigenous Europeans were burying them

[J.S.]

France IA2 and LN_EBA samples from Patterson, Brunel and Seguin-Orlando's studies.

FRA_IA2_low_res:I19359,0.138864,0.137096,0.05506,0 .022933,0.026466,0.011713,-0.00047,-0.000923,0.026588,0.004374,0.001299,-0.007343,0.001338,-0.014175,0.005022,0.02148,-0.034161,-0.000253,-0.000126,0.000375,-0.007986,-0.012736,0.00456,-0.006507,-0.006466
FRA_IA2:I19356,0.130897,0.126941,0.056945,0.037468 ,0.04647,0.007809,0.003995,0.007615,-0.001432,0.008018,-0.005196,0.005245,-0.011744,-0.010322,0.0095,-0.004508,-0.002347,-0.003927,0.006285,0.005253,-0.003119,-0.003091,0.003451,-0.004579,-0.003353
FRA_IA2:I19357,0.130897,0.139128,0.061848,0.051034 ,0.051702,0.004462,0.005875,0.008769,0.008385,0.01 2757,-0.003248,0.003897,-0.008474,-0.006331,0.022937,-0.004243,-0.019818,0.004561,-0.00264,0.000875,0.01435,0.010634,-0.003328,0.00012,-0.00012
FRA_IA2:I19358,0.129758,0.135065,0.047894,0.034561 ,0.045239,0.016733,0.012456,0,0.011862,0.00893,0.0 13803,0.009292,-0.009366,-0.00523,0.010993,-0.008618,-0.022817,-0.00152,-0.001383,-0.006378,0.006738,0.002844,-0.000863,0.003735,0.001437
FRA_IA2:I19362,0.134311,0.135065,0.063733,0.049096 ,0.029852,0.010319,0.0047,0.007615,-0.001023,0.004556,-0.003085,0.005245,-0.009217,-0.008395,0.018594,-0.002917,-0.00352,0.005574,0.007416,0.007379,-0.00025,0.007172,0.003081,-0.000361,-0.006586
FRA_IA2:I20815,0.126344,0.146236,0.056191,0.031977 ,0.059396,0.009203,0.00611,0.006692,0.013294,0.013 85,-0.01023,0.017235,-0.00773,-0.003165,0.014929,-0.015778,-0.020992,0.004687,0.005908,-0.003627,0.007736,0.006554,-0.011462,0.000361,-0.009221
FRA_IA2:I20817,0.130897,0.13405,0.058077,0.043282, 0.037853,0.021753,0.005405,-0.000462,0.006954,0.004738,-0.008282,0.007343,-0.01219,-0.012799,0.022937,-0.007292,-0.015646,0.004434,0,0.010505,0.009608,0.006059,0.0 08381,0.008676,0.005748
FRA_IA2:I20827,0.125205,0.140143,0.056191,0.026163 ,0.051086,0.00753,0.01081,0.001385,0.00859,0.02041 ,-0.004384,0.004496,-0.022299,-0.007432,0.004614,0.013392,-0.006519,0.00266,0.010056,0.000625,0.000873,0.0008 66,0.003328,-0.003856,-0.004431
FRA_IA2:I21399,0.124067,0.144205,0.054305,0.027132 ,0.056318,0.006693,0.002115,0.002769,0.021475,0.02 3691,-0.004872,0.008992,-0.019623,-0.007707,0.009908,0.001193,-0.001173,0.004054,-0.004148,-0.002126,0.005366,0.009398,-0.009613,-0.004579,-0.003113
FRA_IA2:I21402,0.12862,0.136081,0.065996,0.032946, 0.045239,0.000279,-0.001645,0.000692,0.019021,0.021322,-0.001786,0.004496,-0.011298,-0.00578,0.008822,0.003315,-0.00326,-0.003041,-0.002011,5e-04,0.007986,-0.002473,0.006039,-0.003976,0.004071
FRA_IA2:I21931,0.121791,0.127957,0.058454,0.028424 ,0.045239,0.016455,-0.00047,-0.005538,0.005931,0.010387,-0.00065,-0.005095,-0.013677,-0.012386,0.011943,-0.007823,-0.007693,0.003041,0.003645,-0.015257,0.000499,0.002102,-0.007765,-0.006145,-0.000958
FRA_IA2:I13620,0.129758,0.13405,0.059962,0.011305, 0.044931,0.013945,0.004465,0.003692,0.018407,0.032 256,-0.008282,0.012739,-0.020515,-0.001514,0.011808,-0.005834,-0.024382,0.017103,0.011061,0.000125,0.005615,-0.004451,-0.006039,0.00723,-0.005269
FRA_IA2:I13623,0.129758,0.151314,0.064111,0.011951 ,0.048932,-0.017849,-0.008695,0.007846,0.018816,0.042279,-0.003573,0.014537,-0.022596,-0.016652,0.010315,0.005701,0.007432,-0.002787,-0.001634,0.01113,0.003619,0.01051,0.007025,-0.000723,-0.00455
FRA_IA2:I19916,0.132035,0.145221,0.065619,0.01938, 0.051394,0.004462,-0.001645,0.003231,0.019839,0.029887,-0.000162,0.009741,-0.00996,-0.018441,0.004207,0.003713,0.010691,-0.000127,-0.008045,-0.000125,0.005865,0.001855,-0.010353,-0.006868,-0.011137
FRA_IA2:I19917,0.125205,0.153345,0.061094,0.010659 ,0.041238,-0.000279,0.005875,0.002308,0.01718,0.033714,0.0001 62,0.012739,-0.02111,-0.002752,0.016694,0.000928,-0.004563,0.001394,0.002011,-0.006003,-0.004991,0.002473,0.000739,-0.005663,0.00455
FRA_IA2:I19918,0.120652,0.148267,0.053928,0.016473 ,0.044316,0.000279,0.003995,0.002308,0.017998,0.03 7358,0.002273,0.015586,-0.026759,-0.021744,0.008822,0.000928,-0.006519,-0.000127,0.008045,-0.003627,0.001622,0.004451,-0.012571,0.00012,0.002155
FRA_IA2:COL11,0.125205,0.140143,0.060339,0.069768, 0.033852,0.017012,-0.00329,0.003231,0.00634,0.005832,-0.001461,0.002997,-0.012042,0.001239,0.021851,-0.009679,-0.01343,-0.011149,0.005279,0.004502,0.007986,0.005441,0.014 913,-0.00735,0.002036
FRA_IA2:COL153A,0.132035,0.158423,0.046763,0.03262 3,0.034468,0.008646,0.00705,0.011076,0.003068,0.02 0046,0.004547,-0.007643,-0.002081,-0.004266,0.007736,0.003182,-0.014473,0.00114,0.017723,0.005253,-0.019715,0.004575,-0.000246,-0.013616,0.004311
FRA_IA2:ERS1164,0.124067,0.120848,0.053928,0.02939 3,0.033852,0.013666,0.00846,0.006923,-0.00409,0.014397,-0.00341,-0.009292,-0.009514,-0.016515,0.010179,0.008884,-0.002999,0.003421,0,-0.002626,-0.009608,0.003091,0.005053,-0.012893,0.005628
FRA_IA2:ERS86,0.127482,0.1635,0.041106,0.028101,0. 043085,0.011156,-0.007285,0.002538,0.008795,0.010752,-0.001786,0.005995,-0.014123,0,0.007736,0.026518,-0.004172,0.011402,0.012821,-0.008129,0.000749,0.019166,-0.007272,-0.015183,-0.000359
FRA_IA2:BES1248,0.130897,0.127957,0.066373,0.04328 2,0.0437,0.027331,0.009165,0.002769,-0.000205,0.007654,0.015752,0.014987,-0.01115,-0.006055,0.015201,-0.004641,-0.001565,0.007601,-0.013324,0.005503,0.023583,-0.003957,-0.017624,0.006627,-0.008502
FRA_IA2ECH8,0.121791,0.137096,0.063733,-0.003553,0.05601,-0.007251,-0.012456,-0.003,0.026384,0.051026,0.000487,0.003297,-0.036868,-0.006744,0.008415,-0.000663,0.007953,-0.007221,0.008925,-0.003752,0.007612,0.006677,-0.018734,-0.020485,-0.006466
FRA_IA2EY163,0.130897,0.141159,0.056568,0.010013,0.049855 ,0.016733,0.00282,-0.006923,0.033951,0.035354,-0.007145,0.001948,-0.01888,-0.017891,0.011672,0.025457,0.015125,0.02027,-0.015461,-0.025262,-0.002371,-0.001237,0.010476,-0.005543,-0.000958
FRA_IA2EY53,0.136588,0.137096,0.046009,0.038114,0.052933, 0.011992,-0.008225,-0.005538,0.011044,0.005832,-0.001786,0.016785,-0.016501,-0.010872,0.030266,-0.001724,-0.008866,0.005448,0.002263,-0.008504,0.010981,0.008656,-0.013311,-0.004338,0.015927




FRA_LN_EBA:I10342,0.127482,0.13405,0.062979,0.0390 83,0.037853,0.010319,0.00094,0.001615,0.014726,0.0 14397,-0.000974,0.002847,-0.013528,-0.023809,0.013843,0.011138,0.007562,0.003041,0.002 891,0.002626,0.001248,0.00272,-0.013311,-0.004699,-0.004431
FRA_LN_EBA:I10343,0.121791,0.142174,0.049403,0.021 318,0.045855,0.011713,-0.003525,-0.004615,0.011862,0.020957,-0.011367,0.006444,-0.018731,-0.015001,0.015336,0.006232,0.002999,0.008235,0.000 628,0.003252,0.010606,0.004451,-0.003451,-0.008555,-0.00467
FRA_LN_EBA:I10344,0.133173,0.14319,0.055437,0.0151 81,0.048932,-0.00251,-0.00282,-0.001385,0.022702,0.030069,-0.000974,0.010641,-0.022596,-0.022157,-0.002579,0.021082,0.012126,-0.002787,0.00352,-0.004627,0.006613,-0.000618,-0.008997,-0.002651,0.003113
FRA_LN_EBA:I10347,0.129758,0.142174,0.054682,0.022 287,0.04647,0,0.001645,-0.000692,0.023111,0.024602,-0.006171,0.011839,-0.01888,-0.016928,0.013572,0.005569,0.012386,-0.000633,0.004902,0.011756,0.000749,0.006801,-0.001479,-0.009881,-0.003473
FRA_LN_EBA:I10348,0.129758,0.144205,0.050911,0.013 566,0.045855,0.001673,0.00141,0.004846,0.021066,0. 026242,-0.000325,0.005395,-0.014123,-0.003028,0.003393,0.00716,-0.002477,0,0.00088,0.004752,0.001373,0.002844,0.00 0493,-0.008917,-0.003712
FRA_LN_EBA:BIS130,0.130897,0.129988,0.050534,0.032 623,0.062165,0.000837,-0.00799,-0.01223,-0.00225,0.003827,-0.010555,-0.002248,-0.02438,-0.01968,0.020358,0.021347,0.007302,0.006461,0.0080 45,0.012006,0.019341,0.014591,-0.006779,-0.017231,-0.017962
FRA_LN_EBA:BIS385,0.125205,0.121864,0.070144,0.030 362,0.020004,0.022869,-0.001645,0.003923,0.02352,0.007289,0.00406,0.00614 5,-0.009068,-0.016239,0.020358,0.007425,-0.00339,-0.002914,0.001006,0.013882,0.006738,0.005812,-0.002095,-0.003133,-0.004311
FRA_LN_EBA:OBE3626-1,0.129758,0.120848,0.070522,0.067507,0.0397,0.016 176,0.007285,0.003231,0.001227,-0.00492,-0.001461,0.012289,-0.009068,-0.022157,0.019951,0.018563,0.010952,-0.005828,0.00088,0.01113,0.009733,0.008903,-0.005423,0.003735,0.008622
FRA_LN_EBA:OBE3722,0.132035,0.136081,0.06675,0.068 799,0.025543,0.029562,-0.006345,0.000462,-0.003068,0.000729,-0.01023,0.012739,-0.011893,-0.00289,0.03298,-0.006629,-0.014342,-0.002787,-0.006285,-0.003627,0.006738,-0.004699,0.010723,0.006266,-0.013292
FRA_LN_EBASS4170,0.127482,0.14319,0.053928,0.017442,0.060627 ,0.008646,-0.0047,-0.002538,0.027406,0.026424,-0.01153,0.006744,-0.023191,-0.011423,0.016694,0.004508,0.001695,0.012035,0.007 165,0.012256,0.018592,0.003833,-0.014913,-0.011206,-0.013053
FRA_LN_EBA:RIX15,0.133173,0.13405,0.059962,0.03133 1,0.040931,0.028168,0.002585,0.003461,0.02352,0.03 6447,0.002761,0.016036,-0.016204,-0.013762,0.0057,0.014983,-0.005867,0.009502,0.022374,0.01063,0.015722,-0.007914,-0.000493,-0.007109,0.002275
FRA_LN_EBA:RIX4,0.122929,0.146236,0.060339,0.02777 8,0.045547,0.016455,0.005405,0.005077,0.007158,0.0 14214,-0.002923,-0.006594,-0.010258,-0.020919,0.012351,0.004375,0.013038,0.013302,-0.011187,0.000625,0.009733,0.003462,-0.004437,0.007712,-0.01413
FRA_LN_EBA:EUG11,0.126344,0.153345,0.067127,0.0145 35,0.064627,0.001116,-0.0094,0.01823,0.026384,0.039545,-0.003897,-0.001199,-0.028394,-0.012111,-0.0076,0.002254,0.014603,0.004434,0.005531,0.00225 1,0.010232,-0.004204,-0.00037,-0.014942,0.021914
FRA_LN_EBA:QUIN234,0.136588,0.156392,0.043746,0.00 9367,0.058472,0.00753,0.018801,0.013153,0.033337,0 .069796,0.008607,-0.006594,-0.019326,0.001651,-0.005972,0.003182,0.001825,0.006841,-0.003897,-0.004127,0.016346,0.021887,-0.002958,-0.016508,0.00946
FRA_LN_EBA:GBVPK,0.126344,0.148267,0.054682,0.0352 07,0.043393,-0.001116,0.00235,0.009923,0.024543,0.021868,-0.004709,0.006145,-0.013231,-0.017478,0.009636,0.013392,0.004433,0.003041,0.002 263,-0.004127,0.010357,0.001731,-0.007148,-0.000482,-0.003353
FRA_LN_EBA:GBVPO,0.126344,0.152329,0.051288,0.0061 37,0.04924,-0.001952,0.002115,0.013615,0.028224,0.043008,-0.00341,0.014087,-0.020069,-0.009771,0.002986,-0.008088,-0.000913,0.003167,0.000628,0.004877,-0.001622,0.009892,-0.017008,-0.018075,0.000239

[gixajo]

France IA2 and LN_EBA samples from Patterson, Brunel and Seguin-Orlando's studies.

Their averages:

FRA_IA2:Average_n24,0.1286675417,0.1400160833,0.0572594583,0.029271875,0.0447260833,0.0088663333,0.0020464583,0.0024614583,0.0123821667,0.0191425,-0.0012922917,0.0061757917,-0.0144324583,-0.0089970417,0.0127125417,0.001707125,-0.00740475,0.0027765833,0.0021944167,-0.0013912917,0.0030311667,0.003524125,-0.0021722917,-0.0039915,-0.00106775
FRA_LN_EBA:Average_n16,0.1286913125,0.1405239375,0.057652125,0.0282826875,0.045950875,0.009342875,0.0003819375,0.00350475,0.01771675,0.023405875,-0.003318625,0.00591975,-0.01705875,-0.014106375,0.0106879375,0.0079058125,0.00387075,0.003444375,0.002459,0.0045959375,0.0089061875,0.00434325,-0.004852875,-0.00660475,-0.00229775

Compared with modern and related references in a PCA:

Spoiler!

[gixajo]

And results comparing moderns and IA&LN/EBA averages:

[gixajo]

Double

[gixajo]

As we already know, to model with lower distances only with IA references (without LN/EBA French reference) SE and SW French regions, we should add Italian or Iberian IA references ( both works in a similar way and are very close), that are basically Basque-like references.

I didn´t include Corsica, that will be modelled probably better with North Italian IA/North Iberian IA references but even better adding Sardinian IA references (I am not sure about this, but probably removing Punic-like references).

Edit: British isles or more northern French or NW European modern references don´t seem to be substancially improved in their distances of modelling by adding these North Italian/Iberian IA references, but they could show some tiny % in their results, so probably they are not necessary to model them.

So basically, fantastic adition for people with majority of NW European genetic but as usual and without noteworthy changes for everyone else.

[J.S.]

And results comparing moderns and IA&LN/EBA averages:

Very interesting...don't know why, but i just hadn't thought of doing that.

[J.S.]

As we already know, to model with lower distances only with IA references (without LN/EBA French reference) SE and SW French regions, we should add Italian or Iberian IA references ( both works in a similar way and are very close), that are basically Basque-like references.

I didn´t include Corsica, that will be modelled probably better with North Italian IA/North Iberian IA references but even better adding Sardinian IA references (I am not sure about this, but probably removing Punic-like references).

Actually, i think the few "French-South" samples are actually from Bearn and the Provence ones are not very reliable. The French-Paris samples should be split in two groups, the first one labelled North, the other South.