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The Chinese certainly didn't have everything they needed in China. That's why they participated in the Silk Road both by land:
and sea:Other lucrative commodities from the East included tea, dyes, perfumes, and porcelain; among Western exports were horses, camels, honey, wine, and gold.
By the 10th to 13th centuries, the Song dynasty of China started building its own trading fleets, despite the traditional Chinese Confucian disdain for trade. This was partly due to the loss of access by the Song dynasty to the overland Silk Road. The Chinese fleets started sending trading expeditions to the region they referred to as Nan hai (Chinese: 南海; pinyin: Nánhǎi; lit. 'South Seas') (mostly dominated by the Srivijaya), venturing as far south as the Sulu Sea and the Java Sea. This led to the establishment of Chinese trading colonies in Southeast Asia, a boom in the maritime trade, and the emergence of the ports of "Chinchew" (Quanzhou) and "Canton" (Guangzhou) as regional trade centers in China.[3]
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Indeed.
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Indeed (land and sea) Silk Road is one of the oldest and most important trade routes in the world and one of the main reasons why Chinese never needed to invest big for exploring unknown seas, unlike europeans, who lost free access to spice trade after the emergence of Ottoman Empire.
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But although China hasn't tried to expand its territory by conquests as much as the Western and Islamic worlds, it has exported its culture to neighboring regions (hence the Sinosphere) by economical and military means in which China was to be considered the top of the hierarchy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary_system_of_China
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I have heard of the sinosphere. However, I haven’t researched enough to find out why Japan and Korea are considered the Sinosphere.
Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, etc. being part of the Sinosphere is very understandable since they are Han Chinese dominant nations, but I don’t get Japan and Korea.
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I don't think it's an ethnic concept but a cultural one. Those countries have been deeply influenced by Confucianism, Taoism, the Chinese imperial examination system, Chinese characters and much more.
A similar concept's the Indosphere, which encompasses Southeast Asian countries that have little to do with Indians genetically (except for some ancient admixture) but which owe their abugidas, Buddhism and Hindu influences (e.g. in architecture) to India, for example.
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